An alternative approach toward 2-aryl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]-quinolin-3-ones by a multistep synthesis

A series of 2-aryl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3-ones derivatives 6 and 7 was conveniently prepared. A multistep synthesis was carried out starting from dichloro- and bromoanilines (1a-b) and diethyl 2-(ethoxymethylene)malonate using a slightly modified Gould-Jacobs reaction. In this work we present a novel chlorination strategy to prepare quinoline derivatives 4 in excellent yields as key intermediates in the synthesis of the target compounds. Several reaction conditions were evaluated to optimize the formation of pyrazoloquinolinone nucleus. Differences in chemical behavior of both chloroquinolinones 4a-b with aryl and benzyl-hydrazines are also discussed.     

Preparation of the Ca–diclofenac complex in solid state

Two ONNO type naphtaldehyde derivative Schiff base compounds were reduced and two symmetric phenol-amine ligands containing naphthalene groups were obtained; bis-N,N′[(2-hydroxy-1-naphtyl) methyl]-1,3-propanediamine (NAFL^H) and bis-N,N′[(2-hydroxy-1-naphtyl) methyl]-2,2′-dimetyhyl-1,3-propanediamine (NAFLDM^H). Homotrinuclear Ni(II) complexes of these ligands were prepared. The solid-state molecular structures of representative nickel complex of NAFLDM^H were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The terminal Ni(II) ions were found to be situated in between the donor atoms of the organic ligand. The central Ni(II) ion was observed to be bonded via two different μ-bridges. The phenolic oxygens and carboxylate ion were seen to form two different μ-bridges. TG analysis proved that the compounds have different thermal characteristics than those cited in literature. The complexes showed extreme exothermic degradation reactions in inert atmosphere. The complexes are ruptured with a two stepped exothermic reaction which appears huge heat over 300 °C. The heat appeared in O₂ atmosphere is observed to be higher than the heat appeared in inert atmosphere. Revealed heat is observed to be higher than the conventional explosive materials.     

Muckenhoupt weights with singularities on closed lower dimensional sets in spaces of homogeneous type

We give sufficient conditions on a real number β and on a closed set F   in a general space of homogeneous type (X,d,μ)$(X,d,\mu )$ in such a way that μ(B(x,d(x,F)))^β$\mu {(B(x,d(x,F)))}^{\beta }$ becomes a Muckenhoupt weight. In order to prove our result, we modify the underlying space so that it becomes 1-Ahlfors regular.     

Kinetic studies of urban solid residues and leachate from sanitary landfill

Urban solid residues are constituted of food remaining, grass leaves, fruit peelings, paper, cardboard, rubber, plastic, etc. The organic fraction formed represents about 50% during the decomposition yields biogas and leachate, which are sources of pollution. Residue samples were collected from the landfill in different and cells from several ages and the corresponding leachate, both after treatments, were submitted to thermal analysis. Kinetic parameters were determined using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method. The linear relation between the two kinetic parameters (ln A and E) was verified for organic residue urban’s samples, but not for leachate’s sample. The occurred difference can be attributed to the constituents present in leachate.     

Trapped ion chain as a neural network: error resistant quantum computation

We demonstrate the possibility of realizing a neural network in a chain of trapped ions with induced long range interactions. Such models permit one to store information distributed over the whole system. The storage capacity of such a network, which depends on the phonon spectrum of the system, can be controlled by changing the external trapping potential. We analyze the implementation of error resistant universal quantum information processing in such systems.     

Comparison of essential oil components and in vitro anticancer activity in wild and cultivated Salvia verbenaca

The objectives of our research were to study the chemical composition and the in vitro anticancer effect of the essential oil of Salvia verbenaca growing in natural sites in comparison with those of cultivated (Sc) plants. The oil from wild (Sw) S. verbenaca presented hexadecanoic acid (23.1%) as the main constituent, while the oil from Sc plants contained high quantities of hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (9.7%), scarce in the natural oil (0.7%). The growth-inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of the essential oils from Sw and Sc S. verbenaca were evaluated in the human melanoma cell line M14, testing cell vitality, cell membrane integrity, genomic DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity. Both the essential oils were able to inhibit the growth of the cancer cells examined inducing also apoptotic cell death, but the essential oil from cultivated samples exhibited the major effects.     

Thermal Behavior of Sr(II) and Ba(II)‐Diclofenac Complexes in Solid State: Study of the Dehydration and Thermal Decomposition

Solid state compounds of general formula Sr(Diclof)₂·5.7H₂O and Ba(Diclof)₂·4.8H₂O were obtained. Thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction powder patterns and microscopy analysis were used to characterize these compounds. Details concerning the dehydration and thermal decomposition as well as data of kinetic parameters have been described here. The kinetic behaviors of these stages were evaluated from several heating rates with samples masses of 2 and 5 mg in open crucibles under a nitrogen atmosphere. The results of the present study improve the knowledge on these compounds including their dehydration and thermal stability. The obtained data depend on the mass of the sample which results in two kinetic behavior patterns.     

Alternative spiroketalization methods toward purpuromycin: a hemiketal conjugate addition strategy and use of an electron-rich isocoumarin precursor

Two methods are presented that were designed to circumvent the persistent problem of benzofuran formation and instead yield a spiroketal of the rubromycin family type. First, using an alternative disconnection, a hemiketal conjugate addition to a naphthaquinone electrophile was investigated. Synthesis of the requisite electrophile provided insight into the selective oxidation and functionalization of the naphthalene portion. Second, the electronic features of the isocoumarin ring system were adjusted, and the corresponding reactivity further supports the hypothesis that electron-rich isocoumarins are capable of spiroketalization. Robust, flexible syntheses from simple precursors were developed that allowed multiple reduced isocoumarins to be generated. Combined, the data presented herein give insight into the sensitivities of this family and illuminate other potential methods of spiroketalization. In addition, the convergent assembly of substrates containing different naphthaquinone and isocoumarin subunits highlights the utility of our 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition approach to generate analogs of these structures for SAR, as well as chemical reactivity studies.